Describe the bandwidth and slew rate of an Op-Amp. The amplifier shown in the below circuit is used to amplify an input signal to a peak output voltage of 100\text{ mV} and its slew rate is 0\cdot 5\text{ V}/\mu\text{s}. What is the maximum operating frequency of the amplifier?
What is a microprocessor? Briefly mention the basic units of a microprocessor by drawing descriptive block diagram of 8085 microprocessor.
What is X-ray diffraction? How is an XRD pattern used to determine the crystal structure of the material?
In powder diffraction method pattern for lead with radiation of wavelength \lambda = 1\cdot 54 \text{ \AA}, the (220) Bragg reflection angle is \theta = 32^\circ. Find the radius of the atom.
What is Josephson effect? How can Josephson junctions be used to produce macroscopic quantum interference?
(i) Give a qualitative description of the BCS theory and explain how it accounts for the superconducting state. (ii) The critical field of niobium is 1 \times 10^5\text{ A/m} at 8\text{ K} and 2 \times 10^5\text{ A/m} at absolute zero. Find the transition temperature of the element.
What is an oscillator? Explain the Barkhausen criterion and working principle of an R-C phase-shift oscillator with suitable circuit diagram.
(i) Explain the Bravais lattice and non-Bravais lattice with suitable diagram. (ii) Draw the (1\ 0\ 0), (1\ 1\ 0) and (1\ 1\ 1) planes in a cubic unit cell. (iii) Obtain the Miller indices of a plane with intercepts a, b/2, 3c in a simple cubic unit cell.
Consider an energy band which is filled with electrons up to a certain value k_1 \left(k_1 < \frac{\pi}{a}\right). Determine the total effective number of free electrons in the energy band. Comment on the electron distribution in an insulator, intrinsic semiconductor and metals at 0\text{ K}. Symbols have their usual meanings.
What is Boolean algebra? State De Morgan's theorems and determine the output expressions for the circuit shown below by using De Morgan's theorems :
Find the radius of the interstitial sphere which can just fit into the void at the body centre of the \text{fcc} structure coordinated by the facial atoms.
(i) What is the origin of paramagnetism ? Discuss the temperature dependence of paramagnetic susceptibility. (ii) Calculate the diamagnetic susceptibility of atomic Hydrogen in the ground state at STP. Assume the mean square distance of electronic charge distribution of atomic Hydrogen from the nucleus r^2 = 3 a_0^2, a_0 being the radius of the first Bohr orbit of Hydrogen.
(i) What is the concept of effective mass of the electron ? (ii) The energy near a valence band edge is given by E(k) = -1 \times 10^{-26} k^2\text{ ergs}. An electron is removed from the orbital k = 1 \times 10^7 k_x\text{ cm}^{-1}. Find the sign and magnitude of effective mass of the hole.
The n\text{-}p\text{-}n transistor given below has \beta = 100, I_{CO} = 12\text{ nA} and V_{BE} = 0\cdot 8\text{ V}. Determine the transistor currents and the region of operation of the transistor. What happens if R_C is indefinitely increased?
The spacing between successive (100) planes in sodium chloride is 1\cdot 41\text{ \AA}. X-rays incident on the surface of the crystal are found to give rise to second order Bragg reflections at a glancing angle 10^\circ. Calculate the wavelength of X-ray radiations.
State the characteristics of an ideal Op-Amp. Explain the use of an Op-Amp as a summing amplifier and a differentiator.
(i) Prove that \overline{AB + \bar{A} + AB} = 0.
An RC-coupled transistor amplifier has mid-frequency gain A_{\text{vm}} = 100. The values of the lower and upper cut-off frequencies are f_1 = 20\text{ Hz} and f_2 = 50\text{ kHz}. Find the frequencies at which the gain is reduced to 80.
Give logic diagram, Boolean equation and truth tables of AND, OR and NOT gates. Show that NAND and NOR gates can be utilized as a Universal Gate.
Compare the working of FET and MOSFET with their structure, I-V curve and transfer characteristics.
