Refraction of light — UPSC Physics Optional IFoS 2018 Paper I

(i) How are linearly polarised and circularly polarised lights generated from unpolarised light and are analysed?

(ii) A calcite crystal is to be used for producing a quarter wave plate. The refractive indices of the crystal for ordinary ray and extraordinary ray are 1\cdot 65836 and 1\cdot 48641 respectively. What is the thickness of the plate required if the light of wavelength 632\cdot 8\text{ nm} is to be used?