Reference frames — UPSC Physics Optional IFoS 2025 Paper I

Consider two inertial frames \text{S} and \text{S}'. \text{S}' is moving along \text{y}-direction with a constant speed \text{v}_0. Find how the first order partial derivatives with respect to \text{x}, \text{y}, \text{z} and \text{ct} are connected in these two inertial frames. Show that the D'Alembertian, \nabla^2 - \frac{1}{\text{c}^2}\frac{\partial^2}{\partial \text{t}^2} is invariant under the Lorentz transformation.